The problem of finding the minimum cost multi-commodity flow in an undirected AND complete network is studied when the link COSTS are PIECEWISE LINEAR AND CONVEX. The arc-path model AND overflow model are presented to formulate the problem. The results suggest that the new overflow model outperforms the classical arc-path model for this problem. The classical revised simplex, Frank AND Wolf AND a heuristic method are compared for the problem.

In this work we prove that for any measurable admissible control w (.) AND for any e>0 there exists PIECEWISE constant admissible control w¯ (.) such that for fuzzy solutions of control fuzzy LINEAR system are e-closed.

In this paper, the state feedback AND design problem of state observer are presented to stabilize the discrete-time PIECEWISE LINEAR systems. In this article, we have two discrete-time systems that one of them is the disturbed system AND the other is the system without disturbance.The LINEAR matrix inequalities approach, PIECEWISE quadratic Lyapunov functions AND the Finsler’s lemma are used to design the state observer. In addition to the above mentioned methods, the H¥ control approach used to design the state observer for the system with external disturbance. The H¥control approach undermines the disturbance signal AND provides an appropriate estimation of the system states. In this paper, by using the Finsler’s lemma, a set of slack variables are introduced to reduce the design conservatism. The Simulation results show the high performance of the proposed method for stabilize the closed-loop system AND achieve to the acceptable estimation of state variables.

This study uses a sample comprising 2642 observations of data from firms listed in TSE over the period from 2001 to 2016 in order to find empirical evidence that normal accruals process follow a PIECEWISE LINEAR model with respect to sales change. The main motivation of the study is to highlight this nonLINEARity as a source of systematic measurement error because common stANDard accrual models assume a LINEAR relation between level of accruals AND sale changes. According to the theoretical framework of the study, the LINEAR relation of working capital accruals AND sale changes will transform into a PIECEWISE LINEAR change in less sale periods because of change in working capital management policy AND conditional conservatism. To find the empirical evidence, PIECEWISE LINEAR models are fitted with 14 different dependent variables including accruals measures, accruals components, operating cash flows AND earnings, for 17 industries. The research findings show that when sale declines, the average growth of negative working capital accruals is higher than expected, as subsequent of the unexpected increases in operating current liabilities. Also, the other research variables reaction model to sales declines are consistent with the expected model as a result of changes in working capital management policy which is likely due to management’ s motivation for preservation of cash AND continuation of firm life. This research finds no evidence of dominant effects of other competing factors identified as the origins of accruals nonLINEARity in previous research.

The present study investigates whether the basic assumption in the Jones model, which normal accruals are a LINEAR function of change in sales, is empirically valid. It also discusses AND addresses the implications of the assumption violation in the earnings management detection tests. The research employs a sample of 2832 observations of the annual information of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange AND Iran Fara Bource for the period of 2002 to 2017. The findings suggest that normal accruals follow a PIECEWISE LINEAR function with respect to sales changes. The results also suggest that the Jones model generates predictable systematic measurement error, which is consistent with its failure in capturing the accruals nonLINEAR behavior. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the type I error show that the level of abnormal accruals are understated for extreme sales growth AND overstated for medium sales growth. The research highlights the importance of controlling the asymmetric behavior of normal accruals, especially in studies where earnings management incentives are correlated with sales growth.

The important role of electricity generation in the power system is evident AND is growing more AND more with innovative technologies AND requirements. Hence, addressing the combined heat AND power economic dispatch (CHPED) as one of the relatively new issues in the power system operation AND control is more importance. Since the CHPED problem is a non-smooth, highly non-LINEAR, AND non-CONVEX one, it is required to solve it so that an optimal global solution can be achieved. In this paper, by applying the piece-wise LINEARization approach the CHPED problem is solved so that the problem reformulated to a quadratic optimization problem with LINEAR AND quadratic constraints. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, four case studies are implemented in the GAMS software environment AND the results compared to the literature.

The transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cells are used for electromagnetic interference/compatibility (EMI/EMC) experiments of the small RF devices in a laboratory environment. The stANDard electromagnetic fields generated in the shielded environment of a TEM cell can also be used for calibration of the RF field probes. In this paper, a 50 W open TEM cell is designed AND fabricated to generate stANDard electromagnetic fields from 1 MHz up to 1 GHz. To overcome the impedance mismatch AND improve the voltage stANDing wave ratio (VSWR) along the TEM cell, a new PIECEWISE LINEAR tapering method is proposed for the inner conductor of the cell. The resulted matching conditions of the new tapering method are presented through some numerical simulations AND measurements AND compared to those of the conventional simple LINEAR tapering.

The MIP technique in combination with PIECEWISE LINEAR function has lead to a method of stope design, which uses a one, two or three-dimensional discretisation of the ore zone (block model). An optimal economic stoping boundary is developed by optimizing the starting AND ending locations for mining within each row or column of blocks (a mining panel). To determine these locations, two PIECEWISE LINEAR, cumulative functions are used for each row. The stope boundary model is optimized using a MIP approach that employs a special kind of variables named “special ordered sets type 2”. This paper presents a step by step explanation of the model construction. The optimizing problem is solved using the MIP approach. GAMS/Cplex11 software tool is employed to numerical examples. The model is validated by comparison with similar cases.

In this paper, an approximate solution of required velocity with final position constraint is derived using a PIECEWISE LINEAR gravity assumption for elliptical earth model. In this approach, the total flight time is divided into several time intervals AND the gravitational acceleration is assumed to be LINEAR at each interval. The solution gives an explicit relation in terms of the current position vector, desired final position AND flight time in three dimensions. The accuracy AND computational burden of the method are obtained numerically in terms of the number of time intervals, AND compared with LINEARized solution AND Zarchan's iterative algorithm. Numerical solution shows that the present method has better accuracy than the two mentioned approaches with the same computational burden up to a range angle of 18 deg for minimum energy trajectory in an elliptical earth model. The presented method can be extended for two or multi-body problem AND also for the computation of sensitivity matrix of required velocity.